Medicinal Uses & Turmeric Essay

Turmeric (Curcumin) is an old spice that is used in traditional Asian/Indian medicine and is related to the ginger root. Known for its various uses, it is not just limited to the culinary scene (curry powders) but also as an alternative for therapeutic abilities. In China and India the spice is being used to help treat certain inflammatory ailments and even diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). It has been used for gastric pain, bringing down fevers, and even relief in the sensation of bloating. It has been used for attempting to curing hepatitis and heart disease. In Ayurveda medicine (a system of traditional/alternative medicine native to India) the ginger root is being prescribed not only for arthritic pain, but for decreased vision, and for coughs. In Southeast Asia, it is being given as an anti-parasitic remedy and for various gastrointestinal tract problems. Curcumin, which is extracted from turmeric, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce beta-amyloid and plaque burden in lab studies. Beta-amyloid is a component of the amyloid plaques that accumulate in the brain of an individual with AD. (Fetrow/Avila, 2000) Turmeric contains curcuminoids such as curcumin which is a yellow pigment. Research studies in animals show that curcumin has the following health benefits: †¢potent anti-inflammatory effects †¢cancer prevention activities †¢antioxidant effects †¢stimulates and enhances the immune system †¢antibacterial and antiviral properties, including against HIV †¢blood-thinning effects Most of these research studies are done in animals only and few are done in human subjects. The positive results from these studies suggest that turmeric possesses many benefits for treating and possibly curing some of our common health problems. Chronic inflammation of the nerve cells is one of the precursors of AD. Patients who have used drugs such as ibuprofen for long periods of time have been shown to have a reduced risk of developing symptoms of AD. There is a risk when using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory for prolonged periods. They can cause a toxic effect on the gastrointestinal track, kidneys and liver. However, turmeric has an anti-inflammatory effect that is very potent and because of those various effects, turmeric may have a part in curing and improving cognitive functions in AD. (PubMed 2008) Various studies and research indicate a lower rate of AD in India. The prevalence of AD among adults ranging from 70-79 years in India is 4.4 times less than that of adults ranging from 70-79 years in the United States. Researchers have examined the association between the consumption of turmeric and cognitive levels in 1,010 Asians between 60 and 93 years of age. The study found that those who occasionally ate curry (less than once a month) and those who ate it more often (more than once a month) performed better on a standard test of cognitive functions than those who ate curry never or rarely. (PubMed, 2000) Pharmacokinetics shows that the curcumin extract of turmeric has an estimated bioavailability of 65% after oral administration and inhibits cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 1A1 and is metabolized by glucuronidation. (MedScape, 2010) Curcumin has been used safely as a culinary spice in Asia for centuries. It is estimated that adults in India ingest 80-200 mg of curcumin daily. There are no reported adverse effects of curcumin or turmeric, except stomach upset, nausea and diarrhea and some rare cases of allergic contact dermatitis. There is a caution when taking Warfarin, blood thinners or having a bleeding disorder. Some reports show that taking turmeric along with blood thinning medications such as Plavix, Aspirin or Coumadin (warfarin) might increase the risk of bleeding. If there is a presence of stomach ulcers, caution is advised as turmeric may worsen existing stomach problems. Curcumin is also known to cause the gallbladder to contract and can worsen any conditions that may already be present. (Fetrow/Avila, 2000, NCCAM, 2010) In conclusion, there is the hope that turmeric (curcumin) will lead to a promising treatment for AD. The clinical studies of the chemical properties of curcumin and its various effects on AD shows that further research is needed to develop better drugs based on curcumin for treating AD. The need for large-scale human studies is required to identify the therapeutic effects of curcumin. However, several unanswered questions remain: †¢What is the one main chemical property of curcumin that can be exploited in treating AD? †¢What is the role of curcumin in other neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and other forms of dementias? †¢How does curcumin interact with neuronal plaques? †¢ Is it effective only as a food additive? †¢Would it be effective when used alone or with other anti-inflammatory drugs? Once researches can answer these questions, maybe there will be a clearer path to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

The Goals Of Management In Dealing With People Commerce Essay

Management trades with people, their thoughts and things related to them. In a simple signifier direction can be defined as the art of things acquiring done through people in groups organized officially [ 8 ] . Management is the procedure where groups of people are involved in public presentation of organized activities. In an organisation with a big figure of employees the procedure of direction directs the directors to execute some maps such as planning, staffing, commanding, forming and directing to acquire things done by others. Organizational behaviour can be used to better the direction patterns for act uponing the employees efficaciously and working with them. Management is the key to obtaining organisational effectivity. Organizational effectivity depends on run intoing the rapid altering demands of the organisation such as holding the right people for the right occupation and at the right clip. It helps understand the production and behavioural control in an organisation. The survey of organisational behaviour in an organisation has the undermentioned advantages: It helps to spread out the skyline of direction. It helps better the organisational public presentation in line with the single public presentation which include reward systems, leading, motive etc. , It helps develop committedness among the employees to accomplish their personal ends thereby accomplishing the ends of the company. It helps to understand, predict and command the behaviour in the organisation. There are legion factors that determine the successful public presentation in an organisation, but for our treatment we will see few of import factors which are as follows: Recruitment and Choice Training and development Reward through proper Performance Appraisal System Effective Communication Skills Developing Dedication by Motivating employees Besides, there are many factors that contribute to the altering nature of work at organisation, but the two chief factors are: Current market scenario requires organisations to be more competitory and client focused, hence there is an increased force per unit area on the organisation The discovery in IT and communicating is another factor. For illustration Mobile and cyberspace have made work to be separated from clip and infinite. Organizations have changed their focal point and their chief rules are: Specifying vision and values from the consumer ‘s position Making a value concatenation i.e. , specifying activities and procedure that add value to clients and associate them Remove activities that add no value to the organisation. Reducing inefficiencies in the undertakings in an organisation. These rules have added value to the organisation enabling them to react quickly to clients ‘ demands and back uping alteration and encouraging invention. I would besides be discoursing the assorted alterations in the nature of modern work environment relevant to the factors I ‘ve stated above. Recruitment and Selection [ 5 ] Recruitment is procedure in which a qualified and suited individual is selected for a occupation in a company. The enlisting procedure is the duty of the HR section and assorted methods are available for this procedure such as interviews, aptitude trial, questionnaires etc. , It is a forming stage and is the most hard stage for the directors. Let us see the enlisting and choice procedure at Tesco. There are different ways through which Tesco advertises its vacancies. It first advertises its vacancy internally through intranet for two hebdomads. This provides an chance for the current employees looking for a alteration at the same degree or for a publicity. Tesco advertises its vacancies on the web at www.tesco-careers.com for external enlisting. It besides displays vacancy boards on its shops. For managerial places the applications are made online. The appliers chosen will hold to first undergo an interview and for the concluding phase they will hold attending at the appraisal Centre. A waiting list of appliers is prepared by the shops and as the occupations become available campaigners are finalized. Specialist occupations as bakers and druggists are advertised externally through the undermentioned agencies: Through the web and offline media Through telecasting and wireless Through advertizements in newspapers and magazines. As many other companies Tesco besides looks frontward for cost- effectual manner of pulling appliers. Though advertisement on media and magazines is expensive but sometimes this becomes indispensable to pull suited people for the vacancy. Choice can be defines as choosing the most suited individual from the list of campaigners who have applied for the vacancy taking into consideration the Torahs and ordinances of employment. Screening is an of import portion of the choice procedure and ensures that the selected campaigners for the interview will be best suited for the occupation. There are different phases in the showing procedure. In the first phase, the pickers at Tesco look through the CV ‘s of the appliers as this briefs the campaigner ‘s instruction and occupation history. A CV helps to measure whether the campaigner meets the specification for the occupation. Screening is followed by the campaigner who attends the appraisal Centre. This procedure takes topographic point either in shop and are run by directors. The campaigners are assessed through assorted exercisings such as squad work and job resolution. This besides provides consistence in the choice procedure. In the modern work environment, the choice and enlisting procedure has become more sophisticated and elaborate to choose for the best cognition and accomplishments in the market. The figure of testing procedures that organisations hold to choose the right campaigners has increased and besides the type of trials have become more extremist in their attack. Trials such as psychological rating and emphasis interviews are a common pattern in today ‘s work environment.Training and DevelopmentTraining is really indispensable for the freshly recruited employees. It is besides really indispensable for the employees already employed so that their accomplishments are up to day of the month and in line with the latest tendencies and engineerings. Training is going an indispensable portion of every organisation these yearss. Employees are made to undergo developing plans in order to maximise their possible to run into organisation ends. Lashkar-e-taibas us consider Barclays for our instance survey here. Training is a really important undertaking for the Human Resource section at Barclays. The chief ground for this being the initiation plan helps employees understand the assorted policies and the construction of their occupations. This will besides give employees plenty clip to set themselves to the environment in the organisation together with bring oning new thoughts and accomplishments in the employees. Training is the most hard and ambitious portion in the organisation as it is a uninterrupted procedure where the trainer moving as a alteration agent makes trainees acquire familiar with the new organisation. The followers are the chief preparation purposes at Barclay: It helps to increase the degree of assurance and motive in employees It creates a feeling of accomplishment and personal satisfaction Improves the quality of staff and improves their accomplishments. The above are the conducive factors that the aid the HR achieve their end of doing the employees feel a portion of the organisation. Choosing a suited a trainer is a really ambitious issue as he a jobber between the employees and the organisation. The trainer has the undermentioned duties. The trainer must measure the demand for developing the person and put up a preparation plan for the employee in order to make the ultimate end of the organisation. He must plan the preparation plan. The most of import undertaking at Barclays Plc is group engagement. Hence the chief purpose of the trainer would be to promote this undertaking. The trainer acts as a courier between the employees and the direction. The trainer must do certain that the freshly learned accomplishments are being practically applied. He will make up one's mind the demand for farther preparation on the footing of the current public presentation assessment. In the modern work environment employees are keener on maintaining themselves in touch with the latest technological development. They ever pick up accomplishments and heighten their cognition quotient so as to confront the turning competition in the current work environment. Therefore using preparation and development strategies would be easier and would better the overall quality of the work force.Performance Appraisal and Reward SystemPerformance assessment is a procedure where public presentation of an employee is assessed in footings of expected ends set for them. On the footing of public presentation appraisal the company decides publicities, expirations, the degree of supervising and the responsibilities and duties to be assigned to the employees. During the stage of public presentation appraisal the existent public presentation of the employees is assessed and evaluated. The HRM is responsible for the public presentation assessment and it is its responsibility to go through t he information accurately and impartially to the direction so that necessary and future disciplinary steps can be taken. The HRM faces the undermentioned issues during public presentation assessment: Recognition and designation of an employee ‘s strengths and failings. This will assist to use the strengths more efficaciously and the necessary stairss to be taken to get the better of the persons failing. In certain instances employees should be given full attempt, therefore the HRM should place the jobs which are doing this. This besides provides information needed for HR planning and act as an input to the HR section. This acts as a footing to do determinations such as schemes and future long term aims. It is the responsibility of the human resource direction to make a method of public presentation assessment and system of wages. The method created should be in line with the aims of preparation and development plan. Defined criterions should be set to mensurate public presentation. The HRM should make up one's mind who will be utilizing the assessment method and appraised by the method created. The HRM should garner feedback from the employees about the assessment method created, this will move as beginning of hiking the employees morale. This will assist the employees assess their strengths and failing. This will further promote the employees to make better to acquire a wages from the organisation. Employees in the organisation attempt to make undertakings that will non alone acquire them wagess in the signifier of fillips and inducements but acknowledgment in signifier of certifications and decorations and besides assessment for making something new and advanced. This will assist actuate the employees. In the instance of Barclays the wages system is really of import as this will assist act upon the employees to make something better and advanced. The wages system finally acts as a motivational factor for growing in future and is non an easy undertaking. As this depends on the duty and the type of occupation being done. [ 7 ] If the public presentation direction system is handled carefully and decently, leads to outstanding public presentation by employees and increases the degree of motive diminishing the absenteeism deficiency of morale of employees. Performance assessment and wages strategies are critical in today ‘s work environment because employees today are more influenced by the corporate life style and are ever in the sentinel for better occupation chances and hiked wages. Therefore it is indispensable for organisations to maintain their employees loyal towards them, and the easiest and most effectual manner of making it is public presentation assessment and wages strategies.Effective Communication SkillsEffective communicating is nil but an art of conveying our message clearly to other people. It involves a batch of attempt for effectual communicating as any mistake or deformation will ensue in misunderstanding of message. Lack of effectual communicating may ensue in deficiency of information, misinterpretations, employee public presentation may diminish which may finally impact the company ‘s turnover. Ineffective communicating may go a beginning of struggle and thwart the employees. The director ‘s ina bility to pass on efficaciously may take to the inability of employee non executing good as per the company demands. This happens when the employee is non cognizant of what is requested of him and finally leads employee dissatisfaction. Effective communicating has its ain benefits in the workplace. Effective communicating from directors to employees will ensue in the employees making their occupation good. A good direction manner together with a positive communicating attack will be rather effectual in the workplace and will take to better understanding between the employee and director. For an organisation to be successful communicating should go on both internally and externally. Internal communicating: between direction and employees. External communicating: this takes topographic point between staff and clients. Let us see Vodafone as a instance survey to exemplify the effectual communicating accomplishments [ 3 ] Internal Communication [ 2 ] : this takes topographic point inside the organisation between the employees and direction. Here the employees act as stakeholders. This communicating may take topographic point in any of the signifiers listed below: Vertically: this the top down attack which happens from the senior employees to juniors associates. The ultimate end here is to better the public presentation of undertakings and do the junior employees understand the company ‘s precedences and demands. Horizontally: this takes topographic points between assorted squads and across sections. The end here is to do certain functions are efficaciously carried out and undertakings completed. Intranet with restricted entree to people within the concern is a great tool for advancing better communicating. External communicating [ 1 ] : this takes topographic point with clients. Vodafone has laid a rule for communicating as â€Å" We will pass on openly and transparently with all of our stakeholders within the bounds of commercial confidentiality † . Vodafone believes that this will cut down the barriers to communicating. It makes certain that its messages are conveyed both verbally and not verbally. For verbal communicating the company has set contact centres so that the staff can be in direct contact with the clients and farther giving an chance for its staff to speak to the clients about the issues. Non verbal communicating can take topographic point through assorted methods such as advertizements in telecasting, newspapers and other media, the Vodafone logo. This besides acts as a method of finding the place of the trade name. Further methods of non verbal communicating include SMS to reach certain clients. Gross saless information can be reached out to clients through literature in the Vodafone stores. The many signifiers of communicating through which Vodafone reaches out to its clients are as below: Promotion and gross revenues material- Vodafone makes certain that the advertisement stuff is right and follows its Business rules. This besides helps the information reaches out responsibly to its stakeholders together with advancing its merchandises and services. Awareness and Information: Vodafone promoted the usage of nomadic phones responsibly in the autos. It took the complex stuff and translated the information in easy to understand signifier and made the public aware of the new jurisprudence and appropriate usage of phones in the auto. Explanation and counsel: nomadic phones have wellness effects on human existences. But the latest scientific research has something new and Vodafone needs to convey these findings clearly to the clients. Communication in today ‘s work environment is non merely of import as a agency of better procedure flow but besides as a agency to convey all the employees together as a individual unit. This is truly good when the employees have to work in a squad environment. In today ‘s work environment, employees have entree to societal web web sites which are capable to increase the bond between employees and better their attempt as a squad.Motivation to give EmployeesA good motivated staff is a key to a productive and pleasant environment in a workplace. Motivating the employees must be one of the cardinal duties of a director. An effectual direction and leading reflect through effectual motive of employees in the workplace. Understanding the human nature is a cardinal to effectual employee motive. The key to public presentation betterment in an organisation is motive. Motivation is really indispensable for any concern to last and stand out. Motivation is a accomplishment and must be learnt. Performance can be defined as a map of ability and motive as below Job performance= map ( ability ) ( motive ) Ability depends on instruction and preparation. Motivation has the undermentioned seven schemes through which it can be initiated: Fair intervention of people Positive and high outlooks Discipline Satisfying the demands of the employees Puting ends at work To reconstitute the occupations Set wagess and acknowledgment for public presentation Every organisation has its ain ways to actuate the employees to guarantee that ends and marks are reached [ 4 ] . Motivation plays a critical function in today ‘s work environment. Due to the cut-throat competition between organisations, it can be seen as a common pattern for organisations to engage their challenger ‘s best work force. So as to avoid that, employees need to be motivated non merely in footings of their inducements and salary bundles for their physical demands, but besides with congratulations and acknowledgment and better work environment to ease their psychological demands.Obstacles to Effective PerformanceThe chief obstructions to effectual public presentation in an organisation are as follows: Culture Change ConflictCultureCulture is related to beliefs, values and customary ways of making things. The chief ground for employees go forthing the company is cultural mismatch. Harmonizing to the present civilization employees are required to hold a clear apprehension of short term and long term ends. The employees are required to hold a shared vision and values every bit good as being productive and motivated. The organisational civilization is determined by the leading manner and patterns in an organisation and hence dramas an of import function particularly during acquisitions and amalgamations. Every organisation has a set of values and beliefs. When an employee is exposed to a new civilization, the person goes through a province known as civilization daze. When the companies merge the employees from the non dominant company demand to accommodate themselves to the new civilization of the dominant company. Let us see Barclay Plc for case. Barclay acquired Lehman Brothers and one of the major issues for Barclay after this acquisition is to take into consideration the two different civilizations in these two companies. Most of the employees of Lehman Brothers have left Barclay and a few did non fall in Barclay. This makes it clear that the employees are non ready to accommodate to the new values, leading manners, beliefs and patterns of the Barclay civilization. One of the biggest challenges to the direction at Barclay is to do employees accept the new civilization. The alteration in civilization finally has an consequence on the motive degree of the employees, their committedness to the organisation and their battle in work. Another effect of an acquisition is that the persons from the non dominant organisation will experience like loss of individuality and the others will hold a superior feeling. This will finally impact the company accomplish its ends and aims. Another major issue of civilization when the two organisations were merged is it will deviate the attending of the employees and do the less productive. The attending of employees will be diverted to issues such as occupation security, feeling of uncomfortableness working with new employees. Job security is the chief issue as there will be duplicate of sections and to pull off the staff, the organisation can cut down the work force. The occupation profiles may be redesigned which may hold an impact on the public presentation of the employees. The employee ‘s motive, attitude and public presentation are determined by the civilization. Motivation and civilization go manus in manus. More an employee is motivated ; the civilization will be healthier. The cardinal factor to be dealt in any organisation is motive. If an employee is non motivated decently so the employee will hold job accepting the new civilization which will impact the person ‘s ability to make the occupation efficaciously and expeditiously. The company should hold flexible civilization if a determination of acquisition is taken. This will let the new employees to set to the new civilization. Culture reflects the manner of direction and leading. A little alteration in the values, leading manner and thoughts will assist the new employees adjust to the new environment. This is non easy undertaking, but since Barclays has taken a determination of amalgamation it should be ready to see alterations in its civilization and leading manner.ChangeExcept for alteration nil is changeless in this universe. Every activity in an organisation consequences in some alteration. It can hold a positive or negative consequence depending on the communicating made through alteration. The acquisition of Barclay and Lehman Brothers bought together a immense alteration in both organisations. New schemes and policies, processs and work environment were created for work in both organisations. Change should affect people and non be imposed on people. Fixing the employees of an organisation for alteration is a really critical undertaking and it is the duty of the direction to make this. This can be done through assorted methods such as through unwritten communicating, via preparation plans or through guidance. The major ground for the Lehman employees go forthing Barclays when the two organisations were merged is that the alteration was non managed decently. The cardinal rules needed when be aftering to pull off alteration are as follows:Every individual reacts to alter otherwise.Each individual is different and has its ain perceptual experiences and penchants. A few people ever look frontward to alter and new things and it easy to manage them. But it is a really hard to manage people who ever like things the manner they were. These sort of people will see emphasis and dissatisfaction and negative attitude towards their opposite numbers penchants.Every individual has his ain demands and precedencesA few people work merely for money but a few for the ego and societal designation. Change can be managed efficaciously by planing occupations in a better manner through occupation redesign, occupation rotary motion direction etc.Pull offing outlooks realisticallyThe organisation should do clear to its employees that it can non do everyone happy at the same clip and this should be communicated efficaciously and realistically. The relation betwee n outlooks and world is really of import. The direction should make the undertakings listed below in order to pull off alteration efficaciously: The direction should animate people and put certain aims, ends and values for the organisation It should put up a communicating web such as face to confront interaction so that new thoughts and policies can be easy communicated. If there are any obstructions in the manner of communicating so those should be removed as this will assist people accept alteration. Change can be made inevitable by publicities, enlistings and wagess.ConflictsWhen Barclays merges with Lehman struggles were natural to originate as people from two different civilizations and two different companies were unifying. Get downing with little differences, struggles may make to higher degrees which will finally impact the organisation. Since the civilization of both organisations is different each will hold its ain thoughts, schemes, positions and ends. The different types of struggle that may originate when people of two different civilizations merge are as follows:Conflict with foremanSince the director has a more experience and bigger position it will non be good to meet struggle with the foreman. In order to avoid such a struggle it is better non to oppugn his authorization and any thoughts and positions should be presented in the signifier of suggestions.Conflict with co-workersDifferent point of position will take to conflict between employees. This can be done resolved through proper communicating.Conflicts with the subsidiariesConflicts can be grips efficaciously by one of the undermentioned ways: Each individual should be given freedom to show their positions. Conflicts can be sorted to a greater degree by placing positive minded people. Not everyone may hold a wide vision as ours. So communicating and discoursing our vision will assist maintain struggles off.DecisionThe base of any organisation depends on the policy, the values, the vision, the doctrine and ends set by the direction. These act as the drive force for the organisational civilization. Culture in a workplace determines the leading manner, the type of communicating and group kineticss within the organisation. The employees in the organisation perceive the civilization as a quality indispensable at work which has an impact on the grade of the employee ‘s motive. This ultimately affects the public presentation, personal growing and ego development which finally affect the organisation from accomplishing its ends. The above discussed constructs such as communicating, motive, civilization etc, do up merely a little portion of the theories of organisational behaviour and theory. The success of any organisation is determined by the application of the constructs of organisational behaviour in the organisation. The best manner to manage struggles in a workplace is to turn to them through treatments and arguments. Conflict can hold a positive consequence within the organisation if it is addressed efficaciously. A successful director is one who takes clip to turn to and cover with the struggle. This in bend will take to a healthy and diverse work environment.

Building Information Modeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Hospital- Acquired Infections - Research Paper Example Researches have been launched to investigate for probable predisposing factors of HAI as well as the possible mitigation measure that can be put in place to control this disaster. This article will focus on the impact of HAI, its possible causes, and the measures being put in place in an effort to control it. As a result of the increase in cases of HAI, the medical sectors have launched various research programs as a strategy to come up with permanent solutions to solve this problem. Statistical researches have established the extent of occurrence of these Nosocomial infections. The most affected regions include the United States, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Switzerland. For example, in the USA, the center for Diseases control and prevention reported that about 1.7 billion of individuals had contracted this kind of infection (CDC, 2010). Of this number, about one hundred thousand are reported to die each year. According to medical literature, the most common HAI include Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream diseases (Plowman, 1). The most commonly affected individuals include the workers in hospitals, the patients admitted in these hospitals, and visitors who often come to see their inpatients. This has resulted in a large financial burden in the economy of the affected states. The Prevention epicenter program was launched by the Center for Disease and Control Prevention to research on HAI (CDC, 1). This research group has pulled a lot of efforts to establish the predisposing factors and the possible measures that can be implemented to control this calamity through following a scientific research approach. For instance, it has explored the biology of microorganisms that are commonly related to these infections. To kick off this disaster, the first step involves the establishment of the predisposing factors. Predisposing factors refer to

Aircraft anti-skid System Certification and Regulation Research Paper

Aircraft anti-skid System Certification and Regulation - Research Paper Example It also maintains steering and aircraft stability in order to control the wheel from skidding which often the cause of aircraft accidents. Skidding of wheels in aircraft is closely monitored because of the many risks it takes when neglected. Skidding can reduce the braking efficiency which will result to locking of wheels, bursting of tyres and possible serious damage to the aircraft locked-up wheels. And these posed serious fear to pilots especially when taking off and landing. Aside from those ABS also reduces the chance of hydroplaning and helps eliminate excessive heat buildup. Hydroplaning is the loss of braking control or steering which usually happens when layer of water prevents direct contact between aircraft tires on the runway surface (Ming, et al., 2). The operation of the antiskid systems is generally armed by a switch in the cockpit. It has a squat switch which prevents current from flowing to the system during flight. The system only performs its function when the whee l deceleration indicates an impending skid. And ABS allows pilot to fully control over braking at speeds below 20 meters per hour (mph) (Mlevel3, 1). Tracing back the history of ABS, this system was purposely innovated for aircrafts since, it was impossible for aircraft to have threshold breaking. The initial concept of ABS was actually introduced by Gabriel Voisin, a French automobile and aircraft pioneer in 1929. The first aircraft ABS has utilized a flywheel, a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy, and a hydraulic line that feeds the brake cylinders. The flywheel has many advantages such when the energy source is not continuously available, it is exploited in the reciprocating engine to provide continuous energy. It also delivers energy at rates beyond the ability of an energy source and it controls the orientation. And it is also used to control orientation of a mechanical system especially when energy is transferred to or from the flywheel. The fir st flywheel was actually designed that runs with the similar speed as the wheel and was connected to a drum. The drum and the flywheel spin at the same speed in normal breaking. But, it leaves the flywheel spinning at a faster rate when the wheel and drum were to slow down which allows the valve to open. A small amount brake fluid then bypass the master cylinder down to a local reservoir which causes the pressure on the cylinder to decrease and release the brakes. The flywheel attached to the drum most important use was to open the valve when the wheel was rotating. This early concept of ABS system was noted to improve as least 30% of the breaking performance of the aircraft because it allows the pilots to find the skid point and enable them to apply breaks immediately. And, additional advantage, this system prevents the tires from burning or bursting (Flight, 587-588). Another revolution on the development of ABS took place at the beginning of Second World War. The new brake design was suitable for runway use which utilizes high-pressure hydraulic system associated with disc brakes and high-pneumatic tyres. The landing gears were also remodeled during this development era wherein it was stowed since the high aircraft speeds were already specified. And the wheels were made smaller in order to reduce the space available for brakes. Several brake rotor discs were also added which were placed side-by-side along the same axis with stators between each discs (Aircraft Technology Engineering & Maintenance, 2). Aircraft brake system (shown on Figure 1) commonly includes several important parts such as the normal brake system, which is powered by

Introduction to Speeches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Speeches - Essay Example He notes that one ought to enjoy the works of Aristotle, Shakespeare, Dickens, Shaw, Galsworthy, and Barrie. (Safire 1). The social contract between teachers and students is a speech by professor Jacob Neusner delivered during the orientation of freshmen students at Elizabethtown College. Neusner begins by challenging learners in regard to the amount of money they spend on education at the college. He further shows them how they have been sent by their parents to learn and the good reception they have been accorded by their professors. The speech focuses on opening the minds of the learners by showing them how important it is to do personal reading. The teachers’ contribution is only a small percentage; the large percentage of learning involves personal research. The speech also encourages students to question teachers on anything they deliver to them. Sitting down, listening and taking notes are discouraged. What is vital is discovery. Teacher models are Jesus, Socrates, and Hillel who used unique techniques of instruction (Safire 1). The two speeches show some similarities. Most importantly, the two speeches show the use of various aspects of rhetoric, a technique or art of argumentation or discourse. Both speeches are directed to students with the aim of helping them realize their potential as learners. Most students do not realize the importance of having their own library. They usually borrow books at the time they want to read and later return them to their owners or to the library. A borrowed book, just as Phelps says, can be returned any time the owner wants it back. It cannot be helpful like one’s own book. The purpose of education is to seek knowledge. Having a collection of books will help students have wide knowledge on many disciplines and aspects in life. Neuser’s emphasis on personal research is meant to make students get innovative and creative instead of listening and taking notes for the purpose of passing exams. It is a c hallenge to many who hate teachers who do not give out notes and instead deliver ‘boring lectures’ as many would call them. Rhetoric devices manipulate language with the aim of making the reader or listener understand the message. Aristotle focuses on three components of writing namely ethos, logos, and pathos meant to persuade or appeal to the audience (Jardine and Bacon 45). In the owning of books speech, the thesis is clear and specific. The thesis is supported by strong reasons, is well reasoned and has a credible message. The reasons for owning one’s library speech ensures that the learner gets what she/he wants in the time of need. It also provides them with a platform for improving and expanding their knowledge. Neusner’s speech is an advice to students to gear their efforts toward personal reading and innovativeness. The tone used in both speeches is one of encouragement, challenge, and emphasis on cultivation of knowledge. Both writers are profess ionals in the topics they are talking about. Phelps owns a collection of books while Neusner is a professor. Clear examples to engage the audience’s emotions and imaginations are given in each speech. Appeals and illustrations to the value of education are given by Neusner when he compares good teachers with Jesus, Socrates and Hiller. Phelps also shows how one can interact with Aristotle, Shakespeare, and other great thinkers through

Analysis of Financial Statements Research Paper

Analysis of Financial Statements - Research Paper Example Although this high level of debt provides higher level of ROE for the company, the debt levels are quite high thus entails very huge risks. A major recommendation for these companies is to conserve their funds instead of paying dividends, and use these in order to fund their growth instead of relying too much on debt. While the two companies remain profitable, the apparent weakness in their operation is their liquidity position, where in most instances they have less than a dollar in current assets, much less in quick assets to cover a dollar of current liability. Although the companies manage their assets well in terms of efficiency, a major recommendation is to retire current portions of debt by long-term debt in order to improve liquidity position. This decline in liquidity position, as well as the companies' aggressive capital structure policies create a perception of higher risks although both are profitable in their operations. Over the years, cash flow from the company's operations has been decreasing. For the period of four years, the cash flow in 2007 is at the lowest at 942.5. This cash flow results from the company's operations. The company's cost of sales has been relatively stable over the years, at 75% of sales in 2004 and 2005, to 76% in 2006 and 2007. Consequently, the company's gross profit figure is stable at 25% in 2004 and 2005, and 24% in 2006 and 2007. The company's expenses in relation to sales has also been at a relatively stable level over the course of four years. The company's marketing expenses are 19% of sales in 2004 and 2005, and 18% in 2006 and 2007. Coles Myer Limited spends 4% of its sales over the period of four years. After the expenses are deducted, the company's net profit figure plays around 2-3% from 2004 to 2007; 3% in 2004, 2% in 2005, 2% in 2006, and 3% in 2007 in proportion to sales. For every dollar of sales, the company receives an after-tax net profit of 0.02 cents over the course of four years. These figures result in a return on assets of 14% in 2004, 7% in 2005, 6% in 2006, and 8% in 2007. As regards the company's efficiency, the company has increased its inventory turnover over the course of the years: from 8.82 in 2005, down to 8.71 in 2006, then up to 9.08 in 2007. The company's frequency of collection has increased too, from 41.21 times in 2005, to 48.98 times in 2006, and up to 64.22 times in 2007. However, the performance of its assets in relation to sales has been decreasing over the years, from 3.94 in 2005, 3.7 in 2006, and 3.68 in 2007. ii. Investing From 2004 to 2007, Coles Myer Limited has increased its investments in property, plant and equipment-the company's biggest expenditure as regards its investing activities from 704.1 in 2004, to 925.0 in 2005, 1040.1 in 2006 and 1040.8 in 2007. This signifies some physical expansion on the

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Essay Border security continues to become a core policy development priority for the United States because this cuts across various issues faced by the country including illegal immigration, drug trafficking, human trafficking, smuggling, and terrorism. Congressional debates center on two issues, the focus of border security efforts in relation to budget allocation and means of improving border security (Sullivan, 2009) as a preventive measure instead of a reactive process as in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Border security involves the patrol of the 6,000 miles of land border with Mexico and Canada and 2,000 miles of coastal waters of Florida and Puerto Rico. The task of border patrol is to identify and assess potential threats and respond effectively. However, even with a large workforce of 30,000, border security has jurisdiction over a large and widespread area encompassing land, sea and air space. (Customs Border Protection, 2009) Patrolling a large area and simultaneously handling the issues of illegal immigration, drug trafficking, smuggling, and terrorist threats makes border security a daunting task because of the limitations in the vantage point of land and sea mobile personnel. This led to efforts to adopt unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as an integral technology for border patrol. Unmanned aerial vehicles refer to aircrafts without a pilot on board and controlled from the ground. These are fitted with sensors that transmit data to orbiting satellites that in turn bounce data to receivers on the ground. The transmission of data takes seconds to happen so that the receipt of data is almost instantaneous. UAVs can fly long distances at high altitudes or short distances at lower altitudes depending on the purpose of use. High altitude flights can provide information on large targets such as trucks while low altitude flights provide better information on smaller targets such as humans. (Valavanis, 2007, p. 533) As a border patrol technology, UAVs fill the limitations of the land and sea vantage points. History and Uses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unmanned aerial vehicles have existed for more than a century and continued to evolve with the development of technologies to improve flight control and dynamics as well as imaging and data acquisition and transmission. UAVs developed as a military initiative and it was only in the past few decades that UAV found non-military or civil use. With its roots in the military, the Department of National Defense defined UAVs as â€Å"a powered aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or non-lethal payload† (Valavanis, 2007, p. 533). The definition clarifies the capabilities of UAVs, its possible purposes, and the innovative developments that accumulated over the decades. The idea of unmanned aerial vehicles existed as early as the First World War. The idea targeted improvements in the discharge or delivery of guided missiles. However, existing technology was unable to facilitate the development of the flight control system needed to have a functioning unmanned aircraft delivering missiles to the enemy’s territory. The gyroscopic devices developed by Elmer Sperry in 1909 became the predecessor of inertia navigation system applied in modern UAVs. At the same time, the Western Electric Company also developed radio control technology for the remote piloting of aircraft. Radio control together with inertia navigation system paved the way for the development of UAVs. These technologies were adopted by the military in developing a cruising missile but efforts met problems. UAVs were used instead as target drones for anti-aircraft practice and actual warfare countermeasures. This was the first use of UAVs. However, the navy continued research into flight control and navigation initiatives that included the fitting of RCA cameras and radar guidance system to improve control and make drones capable of delivering missiles. Developments led to the use of UAVs as target drones in World War II. (Zaloga Palmer, 2008, pp. 4-9) After the Second World War, the UAVs further evolved into tools in espionage during the Cold War. While control and guidance of the drones continued as an area of innovation, greater focus was given to the image capture capability of UAVs for surveillance. During the 1950s, surveillance UAVs were fitted with daylight and infrared cameras, rocket-assisted takeoff, radar tracking, and radio control. The shooting down of a manned aircraft resulting to the capture of pilots renewed development efforts in the 1970s. Drones became decoys until the Russian radar technology developed to make decoys ineffective. Efforts focused on developing drones with reduced radar signature, increased range, and improved flight control. The new drones were christened as lighting bugs and used in the Vietnam War. (Zaloga Palmer, 2008, pp. 10-12) After the Cold War, technology innovation on UAVs continued in support for combat operations. The 1980s witnessed key developments including improved satellite communications, compact or miniature technology, and state of the art sensors. Improved data and imagery and better navigation control led to the use of UAVs for â€Å"intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and for time critical targeting† (p. 1). The development in UAVs split into technology for small and large UAVs. The size was a consideration because of differences in navigation control and capabilities. In large UAVs, the flight and retrieval control is separable from its data and imaging functions so that it can transmit information via satellite links while on flight while in small UAVs retrieval of the aircraft is necessary before obtaining information. (Drew et al. , 2005, p. 1) Now, the uses of UAVs are increasing. Traffic control is one use of UAVs because its aerial view provides accurate information on traffic conditions over a particular area. Search and rescue operations also benefit from UAVs providing an initial view of the situation in conditions unsafe for manned aircraft. (Borchardt, 2004, p. 28) Recently, small UAVs were used to gather data and assess the damage caused by Hurricane Wilma in areas inaccessible due to flooding and blocked roads (Murphy et al. , 2008, p. 164). NASA also developed sensor technology for the monitoring of pollution and measurement of ozone levels using UAVs. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology integrated global positioning technology and video camera control in UAVs for sensing toxic substances and contaminated areas. The Department of Energy also announced the development of radiation sensor for UAVs for use in detecting nuclear accidents. (Bolkcom Nunez-Neto, 2008, p. 2) Different data processing, imaging and other features evolve depending on the purpose intended for UAVs.

Roll of Thunder Heat My Cry Study Answers Essay Example for Free

Roll of Thunder Heat My Cry Study Answers Essay A. I think Mr. Morrison gets attached to the Logan family because of his role as a body guard for the family. He appreciates the kindness that he is offered and went through memorable moments with the family, such as the story he told about the night men murdering his sisters and parents. Story telling amongst African-Americans is a tradition, but this is still regarded as a personal moment, even though he is brought in by Cassies father to protect the family because of racial conflict. He is a big strong man, who works as a protector instead of an instigator; therefore the family feels safer with his presence. His attachment is probably due to the connection he has with family and the past of his actual familys death. Perhaps he looks at himself as not the actual member but an important part of the Logan Familys life, which creates a mutual respect and friendship between the two. He was also honest from their first encounter, which is a good sign coming from a stranger. He already explains to the mother he was fired for fighting, but further details explain he was fired because the man he was fighting with was white. The mother doesn’t hold it against him. B. Violence is a key theme in the story, and the situation that T.J is in is somewhat similar to the story of Mr. Morrison with the night men, showing the brutality of the white folks through accusation. T.J is merely accused of the crime, but because he is black not only will violence be portrayed against him but his entire family as well. For example his younger brother Claude, who had nothing to do with T.J’s crime, gets beaten up by the mob, even though he fears T.J rather than respect or admire him as a role model. T.J nearly got lynched, but so was his father, just for actually being his father. He is small and quite sickly and cannot control his son’s foolishness. Then there is the mother, who is merely just trying to protect her foolish son from death is thrown back against her house. This clearly shows the strong brutality of racism in the area because of the catalyst of racial tension of one foolish black boy can easily portray all black people as law breakers. C. If papa had not set fire to the cotton, his son Stacie could have been either tortured or lynched and by staring the fire he managed to save his life. It couldn’t have been a difficult decision because it was either start the fire, and lose crops and later deal with the financially situation or save the lives of others. Of course someone as noble and honorable as papa would have made a decision like starting the fire. Due to papa’s action on setting the fire, T.J was not lynched and the white folks backed away from doing terrible things to the Avery family and Stacie. At the end they were saved and T.J was just sent to prison. Starting the fire not only saved lives but also had the white folks actually collaborate with the black folks to put out the fire, which was somewhat of a miracle. D. I never liked T.J since his introduction because he is a cheat, a liar and not a very respectable character either. However, in most stories the ‘bad character’ usually has some kind of rough background, such as no love from the family and not actually sharing real friendship with others. As the book progresses, the more I detest TJ, but at the end my feelings has changed from hate to a bit of sadness for this character. Perhaps because he did not deserve this much hate and brutality from the others. In his defense, he is not a character representing the side of evil, but rather a character or actually a victim of unfortunate circumstances. He has reasons for his actions, such as jealousy. For example the Logan family owning their own farm, having more money makes T.J want to show he is just as good as them, as he is a nobody in his position. His father is also just a share cropper. E. The images on white people are not all bad as it is expected in a Dixie state America. Some are respectable and actually have the courage to show respect to their black neighbors. Harlan Granger is a bad man. He is wealthy but yet still wants to show off the things he has, such as his Packard. He is also a racist, like the Wallaces. However the respectable white characters are Mr. Jamison, who is from the north and still carries his northern mannerisms. There is also character like Jeremy who constantly receives verbal abuse because of his friendliness towards the Logans. His siblings Lillian-jean, R.W and Melvin however are racist as they are brought up that way by their father Charlie. His siblings do not show kindness to the blacks and are quite ignorant on how they suffered for years in America.

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders

Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders Dangerousness and Dangerous Offenders. Analyse the concept of dangerousness and critically evaluate its usefulness for the criminal justice system. Dangerousness, is the concept of criminology that is used to attribute those offenders who are deemed to pose a significant risk to the general public but whose actions cannot be made attributable to a specific mental illness.   This therefore means that the administration of their criminal punishment is, by law, to be dealt with by the penal system as opposed to the medical profession.   This paper analyses this concept of dangerousness, which will predominantly take into consideration the difficulties of creating an adequate legal definition for the use of the â€Å"dangerousness† concept as a tool within the modern criminal justice system.   In particular, critical assessment of a possible use for a dangerousness concept will be analysed with reference to difficulties of categorisation of dangerous behaviour and possible usefulness.  Ã‚   Once a use for dangerousness has been identified, this will be analysed with reference to possible impacts on the modern Human Ri ghts regime.   These findings will be cross referenced with the work of the Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) and the Multi-Agency Public Protection Panel (MAPPP) in order to determine whether there really is a use for an all encompassing ’dangerousness’ concept in Criminal Justice. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definition of the Concept of Dangerousness Research into the dangerousness concept reveals that it is a character that is attributed to certain criminal offenders.   Floud and Young therefore describe dangerousness as:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"a pathological attribute of character: a propensity to inflict harm on others in disregard or defiance of the usual social and legal constraints†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The first revelation of the concept of ‘dangerousness’ is, therefore, that it is a notion aimed at the criminal offender.   A second aspect of the concept is that the offender need not be suffering from any form of mental illness.   This does not pose huge problems for the criminal justice function of sentencing, since mental illness is indicative of insanity, which when averred in a court of law, has the effect of acquitting the offender on account of lack of mens rea to commit the crime.   The insane are therefore dealt with by the medical profession on a strictly subjective level in a way that the penal system would be ill equipped to provide.   This was evident in the case of Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper, who, after a period of time in prison due to a failed plea of diminished responsibility, was eventually found to be mentally unsound and was placed into psychiatric care. Finally, a third aspect, or perhaps a problem associated with the above definition is that there is little guidance on the classification of behaviour that can be deemed as dangerous.   This will be dealt with below.   In relation to this, there is no assistance in the determination of the boundaries between dangerous and non-dangerous offenders.   B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dangerousness as a useful tool for the criminal justice system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definition of Criminal Justice In order to assess a potential tool for the Criminal Justice system, it is essential to know exactly what Criminal Justice is in order to identify its specific requirements for potential, useful tools.   Criminal Justice is highly complex for the simple reason that it is a system operated by various institutions including the police, the crown prosecution service, the criminal defence service, the courts, the probation service and the prison service to name but a few.   Sanders and Young have however identified one key principle of all institutions that are instrumental in the Criminal Justice system, which is to regulate:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"potential, alleged and actual criminal activity within procedural limits supposed to protect the citizen from wrongful treatment and wrongful conviction†¦Ã¢â‚¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Requirements for dangerousness to be a useful tool Dangerousness, as a tool within this system, therefore requires to be instrumental in the regulation of alleged and actual criminal activity.   Dangerousness itself would fit into the criminal justice modal as a legal term for the attribution of certain offenders but, in doing so, it must have a functional use beyond mere classification.   As a tool within a fair legal system that is governed by the Human Rights Act 1998, it is also necessary that the definition of dangerousness is clear and precise so that offenders are given the benefit of full transparency of the law. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A function beyond mere classification? What is the function of dangerousness?   In 1981, Fleud and Young presented their publication on the discussion of dangerousness as a classification of individuals for the purpose of imposing predictive judgements:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"†¦for sentencing purposes a man should only be judged ‘dangerous’ if it can be predicted that he will commit a future offence with something like the degree of particularity and certainty with which we could reckon to establish the fact that he committed a past offence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While this is certainly a function for the tool of ‘dangerousness’ in the criminal justice system, ‘dangerousness,’ as a designation that leads to predictive judgement, is a blatant attack on the concept of ‘innocent until proven guilty‘. This is clearly pronounced by the fact that all criminal acts are determined in a court of law using the standard of ‘beyond reasonable doubt,’ and that the evidential burden of proof lies with the prosecution as opposed to the defendant.   This also profoundly supported by Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) which categorically stipulates the right to a free trial. In addition, our current criminal justice system employs initiatives that are geared towards the rehabilitation of the offender, which means that modern day imprisonment is not only a fulfilment of the requirement to protect the public, but is also a means of educating the offender for the purpose of development of re-integration into society.   The premise for preventative detention would suggest that the offender is past hope for such rehabilitation. Any form of incarceration for reasons other than the determined sentence administered through the channel of a fair trial must be given the most absolute and strict scrutiny.   This is the basis upon which the extended detention of forty-eight hours under s 41(3) of the   Terrorism Act 2000is based and, under strict circumstances laid out in Schedule 8, this period of detention may be extended.   The significance for ‘dangerousness’ is that, as a concept of criminal justice that facilitates extended incarceration, there would require to be a clear, precise and strict declaration of parameters to determine the situations that would give rise to ‘dangerousness’ without which there can be no certainty in the law governed by Human Rights concepts. These findings therefore show that preventative detention can now never take place in line with Human Rights but does this mean that dangerousness is a concept that is fully obsolete?   This in not the case when we examine the operation in the modern era of the organisation of MAPPA, which was set up in 2001 under the authority provided by the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000.   MAPPA is a supervisory, regulatory body that monitors offenders that are deemed to be dangerous to the public. Far from being a hindrance to the Human Rights concept, MAPPA bridges the gap between, the right to Liberty of the offender who has served time in prison, and supervision for the protection of the public.   MAPPA is also a clever way of allowing for the continued adherence to Article 5 (ECHR) by facilitating the monitoring function of MAPPA as justified by the fact of a right to liberty and security of person under Article 5 for the general public.   This is given priority over an absolute right to Article 5 protection for the dangerous offender.   The approach is therefore intended to be the proportionate measure that finds adequate compromise between the rights of the general public on the one hand, and the offender on the other.   This therefore allows for qualified freedom within a more specialised version of the traditional practice of probation.   D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finding parameters for dangerous behaviour As a premise from which to determine the ‘dangerousness’ in behaviour, types of criminal behaviour that fall into this category would be all forms of criminal offence that would be considered as creating risk of ‘grave harm to others’.   A traditional viewpoint for this concept is to include such violent crimes as murder, rape and all other forms of assault.   In addition, this umbrella can also include crimes where there is a less direct aim at bodily harm, such as dangerous driving, arson and other wilful destruction of property.   However, the list can be endless!   The problem of attribution of dangerousness to specific crimes is solved under the MAPPA model by limiting the supervisory scheme to violent and sex offenders.   In addition, the high risk offenders are referred to the more specialised MAPPP.   The powers of both organisations are found under the Sexual Offences Act and Criminal Justice Act 2003, in which the responsibility for supervision of dangerous offenders is granted to the Police, Prison and Probation Services who are collectively referred to as the ‘Responsible Authority.’ This model does however leave open two ongoing problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dangerous behaviour is still not necessarily confined to violence and sex offences From a criminal justice point of view, the focus on specific types of behaviour, although initially pointing to violent crimes, does ignore the fact that grave harm can be inflicted in other ways such as the committal of fraud, embezzlement and money laundering.   In fact, these types of crimes have the potential of creating far more widespread harm than that of conventional acts of violence.   There is equally a distinct social difference between the physically violent spectrum of criminal behaviour and the so-called white-collar criminal activity involved in crimes of deception.   This first problem therefore reveals that ‘dangerousness’ should not be limited to acts of violent and sexual nature but it continues to reveal the fact that any potential list of ‘dangerous crimes’ must be finite in order to preserve certainty in the law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vast focus on the offender ignores the social context of crime Not only is it clear that dangerous crimes need not be exclusively of the violent and sexual nature, but the focus of ‘dangerousness’ is wrong in that it draws attention to the criminal and the crime as opposed to the social problem that generated the criminal behaviour.   As shown via illustration of the problem associated with the classification of ‘dangerous’ crimes, there are many social contexts that are capable of creating certain criminal activity.   A mere focus on the offender does nothing to hit hard at the root of the problem and the criminal justice system simply continues to imprison and punish offenders from the breeding grounds of, on the one hand, deprived and poverty stricken areas, and on the other, hand, corrupt administrative institutions.   Dangerousness therefore not only ignores problems in society, but in doing so, it misses out on the wide variety of types of criminal activity that can be generated across the spectrum of social environments.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Counter arguments It must however be remembered that there are other forms of supervisory mechanisms in place for the future prevention of non-violent and dangerous crimes such as embezzlement.   These include the striking off of Directors from the board of directors following criminal activity.   Furthermore, in relation to the targeting of social problems associated with specific areas of the country, John Prescott is currently heading one of the most comprehensive and widespread re-generation programs in UK history. Conclusion Dangerousness, as a legal concept, has extremely limited scope and the MAPPA model is merely a Human Rights friendly method of supervision that has utilised the word dangerous to describe violent and sex offenders.   While the dangerousness concept has the potential to go far further than this small window of crimes, it is as a result of the complexities inherent in dealing with various crimes and their diverse social backgrounds that dangerousness cannot become a single operation within the criminal justice system.   Instead, its usefulness is merely that of a non-legal but linguistic adjective to different crimes that require diverse preventative measures. Bibliography Legislation Sexual Offences Act 2003Criminal Justice Act 2003Terrorism Act 2000Human Rights Act 1998 (European Convention of Human Rights) Case LawR v Sutcliffe, The Times, 23 May 1981 Textbook PublicationsJ Floud and W Young, â€Å"Dangerousness and Criminal Justice,† (Cambridge Studies in Criminology XLVII, 1981)A Ashworth, â€Å"Principles of Criminal Law,† (Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 2003)A Sanders and R Young, â€Å"Criminal Justice,† (Butterworths, 2nd edition, 2000) Web Resources The Labour party: www.labour.org.uk/jpbattlebusThe Home Office: www.probation.homeoffice.gov.uk

Business Ownership Types :: essays research papers

There are different types of ownership within the business sector. Sole tradership is when the business is fully owned and managed by one person, though others can be employed to help run the business. As the sole traders only financial income is from the business and/or bank loan, they do not have the resources to expand and cover regional or national areas. These types of businesses are located in the small business sector and usually cover local areas. Such businesses could be hairdressers, corner shops or market stalls etc. Sole traderships have unlimited liability so if the business fails to pay its debts the financial responsibility falls on the owner/s to pay the debts in full even if they have to sell their business, personal possessions and assets. Another example of business ownership is a partnership. Examples of partnerships used in business are accounting firms and solicitors firms. A partnership has two or more owners. They work, manage and are responsible for the running of the business. Individual partners may concentrate on a certain aspect of the business where they have expert knowledge. As there is more than one owner, larger amounts of capital can be fed into the business via personal funding or bank loans. Partnerships have an unlimited liability. There are two types of limited companies: Private and public. Shareholders own private limited companies. Members of the public cannot buy the shares and the shareholders cannot buy or sell their shares without agreement from the other shareholders. Family owned businesses or larger businesses such as Virgin would fit into this category. Public limited companies have shares on the stock market and can be bought and sold by any member of the public, this way the company can raise further capital and expand their resources. Tesco and British Telecom are such examples. Both these types of limited companies have limited liability, which means the owners of the business are only liable for the amount they invested in the business (unless the debt is so large that the business has to be sold to repay the debt). Co-operatives are companies that are owned by a group of people (members) who have shares in the company. Shares can start as little as  £1 and each member has a share in the Co-operative. It is the members (shareholders) who finance the co-operative and they control on how the business and profits are run.

Searle’s Solution to the Missing Object Problem :: Searle Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Let us imagine that to play a joke on her new friend Suzy, Jenny tells her all about her cocker spaniel. Jenny tells Suzy that her dog’s name is Sally, that Sally has long blonde hair, and that she loves to eat table scraps. The only problem is that Sally does not really exist  ¾ but Jenny doesn’t tell this to Suzy. Because of this, Suzy forms all sorts of beliefs about Jenny’s cocker spaniel. She believes that it is named Sally, that it has long blonde hair and loves to eat table scraps, and perhaps a few other beliefs. She also forms desires regarding the dog  ¾ she wants to meet Sally, to play fetch with her, and to buy her a doggie treat. Suzy, therefore, has many beliefs and desires regarding Sally the cocker spaniel  ¾ and all of this in spite of the fact that Sally does not really exist at all. In orchestrating this prank, Jenny thought she was merely playing a simple trick on her friend. But in succeeding at this, she has brought about a s ignificant philosophical dilemma. If Sally the cocker spaniel does not exist, then what are all of Suzy’s beliefs and desires about? This is the problem of â€Å"objectless directedness.† Mental states like believing and desiring are understood to be directed at things; they are intentional states, and every intentional state must have an intentional object. If I have a belief that Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all time, or that Bush is a good wartime President, then these are beliefs about, respectively, Michael Jordan and George Bush. If I have a desire to meet the Pope, or to have a hamburger, then these desires are directed at the Pope and a hamburger, respectively. But in Suzy’s case, the supposed intentional object of her beliefs and desires  ¾ Sally the cocker spaniel  ¾ turned out not to exist at all. So did the beliefs and desires have an intentional object at all? And if so, what was it? In addressing this problem, this paper will explicate and argue for a solution given by John Searle in his book, Intentionality. After briefly

B.F. Skinner’s Contribution to Psychology

B. F. Skinner’s Contribution to Modern Psychology Ian K. Connelly Oklahoma State University B. F. Skinner’s Contribution to Modern Psychology As I began to study the history and beginning of psychology there was one man who stood out to me clearly as a powerful force of influence and contributor to the direction psychology has taken in its still very young life. What does it mean to be a major influential contributor to the science of psychology? This man shows us with his groundbreaking theories, inventions and experiments as well as his over 200 books and articles on the field of psychology.He is Burrhus Frederic Skinner and he is one of the reasons psychology is the profound and crucial science that it is today. (New World Encyclopedia contributors, 2008) B. F. Skinner was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His early life consisted of his efforts to become a fictional writer. He attended Hamilton College where he received a B. A. in English literature in 1926 . Afterward he spent some time living with his parents attempting to write fictional books. Cherry, 2013) It was during this time that he began to wonder about how an author was supposed to understand the behaviors of the characters he portrayed without knowing what psychological processes and thoughts lie beneath. His research led him to discover the work of John Broadus Watson who proposed behaviorism for the first time. (Shacter, Gilbert & Wegner, 2011) This seemed to interest him much more than fictional writing did so he applied for the psychology graduate program at Harvard University where he received a doctorate in experimental psychology in 1931.In 1936 he began his teaching career at Michigan University and was married in the same year. He finished his first book, â€Å"Behavior of Organisms† two years later. (Browse Biography, 2011) Throughout the rest of his life Skinner made breakthrough after breakthrough in the field of psychology and behaviorism. In 1945 he be came the Psychology Department Chair at the University of Indiana and in 1948 joined the psychology department at Harvard where he remained for the rest of his life. (Cherry, 2013) Throughout his impressive career he received many more outstanding honors and awards such as theNational Medal of Science, the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation Award and the Albert Einstein School of Medicine award for excellence in psychiatry as well as many more books and a few inventions. He eventually passed away in 1990 after contributing countless knowledge to the science of psychology. B. F. Skinner is perhaps best recognized for his study and contribution to a particular type of psychology called behaviorism. Behaviorism was first proposed by John Watson who believed that studying the private experience a person has in their mind was too hard of a thing to observe and speculate.He believed psychology had to be studied more as something an organism does that is physically observable by anyone watc hing. Watson, as well as Skinner, was influenced greatly by the experiments done by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov observed that the dogs he had were becoming accustomed to salivating at the sound of a bell he rang each time he fed them. Eventually he didn’t even have to have food to observe the dogs salivating every time he rang the bell because they had learned to respond a certain way to stimulus.The studies done by Pavlov as well as the work of Watson built the foundation upon which Skinner based the rest of his career in the field of psychology. Skinner observed that in the wild, animals have learned ways to find shelter, food and mates all because they have been conditioned by stimuli to do so. He famously tested this theory by inventing something called an â€Å"operant conditioning chamber†. In this chamber he placed a rat and fixed a lever so that when the rat pressed on the lever it received a pellet of food.He found that after a short time in the c hamber, the rat learned that he was given food each time he pressed the lever so he began pressing it over and over until he was no longer hungry. This experiment furthered his approach towards behaviorism and also added to what Watson had proposed. (Shacter, Gilbert & Wegner, 2011) Also slightly contrary to what Watson and Pavlov believed, he proposed that the behavior of an organism did not depend upon the preceding stimulus but on the reward that occurred after the behavior took place. Cherry, 2013) This led Skinner to state in his book, â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms†, what he called the principle of reinforcement. Reinforcement basically stated that when an organism does something that causes it to benefit in some way, it is likely to repeat the action in order to receive the benefit again. This allows organisms to adapt to their environments and the conditions they live in, in order to survive. (Shacter, Gilbert & Wegner, 2011) Skinner went on to use his ability to inv ent and his interest in behaviorism to try and benefit society in many different ways.He invented such things as the â€Å"Air crib† which was an enclosed chamber to put a baby inside that would allow you to closely monitor and modify the temperature and humidity of the environment. Unfortunately this didn’t quite catch on after people started to compare it to his earlier invention, the operant conditioning chamber, and wonder whether or not it was too cruel for a child. Another quite interesting invention that he proposed was a pigeon guided missile. During world war two, before the U. S. Navy had a practical way to guide a missile, Skinner found an interesting, almost unbelievable method to guide the missiles.He proposed they incased pigeons within parts of the missile. The pigeons would have a screen in front of them showing the view in front of the missile and they would be able to peck towards the target, therefore guiding the missile in that direction. Amazingly this idea proved to be successful in testing, however, the military found it too eccentric and impractical to be used and never took the idea seriously. (New World Encyclopedia contributors, 2008) Not only was Skinner known for his strange, ingenious inventions but he was also known for proposing an idea which gained him much criticism.In his books â€Å"Beyond Freedom and Dignity† and â€Å"Walden II† Skinner talked about a society completely controlled via behaviorism principles such as reinforcement. Theoretically this society would be made perfect using scientific planning to reinforce all the individuals do behave in the correct ways. In these books he claimed that free will is subjective and only an illusion because we are all accustomed to behaving in the ways we do because we have been reinforced by society over the years to behave that way.This was not a popular statement among critics who said he was giving away humanities free will and thought his goal was t o use his science to manipulate people. These claims seemed to be taken to the extreme however; Skinner merely meant to emphasize the importance reinforcement could have on society. (Shacter, Gilbert & Wegner, 2011) Although behaviorism is no longer looked at as the most important way to view psychology, Skinner had a great impact on society and what we know as psychology today.His work with the conditioning chamber is still considered vital information to psychology today. Professionals in the field of mental health still use his operant techniques today on their clients. (Cherry, 2013) The information in his book â€Å"Verbal Behavior† is still a topic of interest in experimental and applied settings currently. (New World Encyclopedia contributors, 2008) Even teachers and animal trainers use his concept of reinforcement and punishment every day to shape the way kids in their classroom or the animals they train behave. (Cherry, 2013)In a 2002 survey, Skinner was voted to be the number one most influential psychologist of the 20th century by psychologists. His honors, awards, positions, titles and honorary degrees are almost too numerous to even count. I think the evidence as well as the opinions of other psychologists show just how much of an impact this man made on the psychological science. There is no doubt psychology is the science that intro to psych students such as myself are learning about today because of the numerous contributions and influence of B. F. Skinner. (Shacter, Gilbert & Wegner, 2011)References Browse Biography. (2011, January 25). B. f. skinner biography. Retrieved from http://www. browsebiography. com/bio-b_f_skinner. html Cherry, K. (2013). B. f. skinner biography (1904-1990) . Retrieved from http://psychology. about. com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_skinner. htm New World Encyclopedia contributors. (2008, April 4). B. f. skinner. Retrieved from http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/p/index. php? title=B. _F. _Skinner&oldid= 687766 Shacter, D. , Gilbert, D. , & Wegner, D. (2011). Psychology. (2nd ed. , pp. 16-18). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Kfc Founder

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Colonel Sanders| | Born| Harland David Sanders September 9, 1890 Henryville, Indiana, U. S. | Died| December 16, 1980  (aged  90) Louisville, Kentucky, U. S. | Cause  of death| Pneumonia| Nationality| American| Education| School dropout[1]| Occupation| Entrepreneur| Board member  of| Kentucky Fried Chicken(founder)| Religion| Disciples of Christ| Spouse(s)| Josephine King (divorced) Claudia Price| Children| Harland David Sanders, Jr. Margaret Sanders Mildred Sanders Ruggles| Parents| Wilbur David Sanders Margaret Ann Sanders  (nee Dunlevy)[2]| Signature| |Colonel[a]  Harland David Sanders  (September 9, 1890  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ December 16, 1980) was anAmerican  businessman and restaurateur who founded the  Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)restaurant chain. Sanders passed through several professions in his lifetime, with mixed success. He first served his fried chicken in 1930 in the midst of the  Great Depression  at a  gas station  he owned in  North Corbin, a small city on the edge of the  Appalachian Mountains  in south eastern Kentucky. With a flair for promotion and dedication to providing quality  fast food, Sanders oversaw his franchise in becoming one of the largest in the world.His likeness appears on their boxes to this day, and a stylized graphic of his face is a trademark of the corporation. Contents * 1  Early Life * 2  Early jobs * 3  Career * 4  Death and legacy * 5  Footnotes * 6  Further reading * 7  External links| ————————————————- Early Life Harland Sanders at age 20 Sanders was born on 9 September 1890 in a thin-walled, four room shack on a country road three miles east ofHenryville, Indiana. [3]  He was the oldest of three children born to Wilbur David and Margaret Ann Sanders. 3]Sanders was of Irish descent. [4] Sanders' father was a mild and affectionat e man who tried to make a living as a farmer, but fell and broke his back and a leg and had to give it up. [3]  For two years he worked as a butcher in Henryville. [3]  One afternoon in the summer of 1895 he came home with a fever and died later that day. [3]  Sanders' mother took work in a tomato-canning factory, and the young Harland was required to cook for his family. [3] Sanders dropped out of school when he was 12. [5]  When his mother remarried in 1902 his stepfather beat him.So then, with his mother's approval, he left home to live with his uncle in  Albany. [6] ————————————————- Early jobs Sanders falsified his date of birth and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of fifteen, completing his service commitment as a mule handler in Cuba. [6]  He was honorably discharged after four months and made his way to  Sheffield, Alabama  where an unc le lived. [6]  It so happened that his brother Clarence had also made his way there, in order to avoid his stepfather. 6]  During his early years, Sanders held many jobs, including: steamboat pilot, insurance salesman, railroad fireman and farmer. [7] Sanders married Josephine King in 1908 and started a family, but after his boss fired him for insubordination while he was on a trip, Josephine stopped writing him letters. He then learned that Josephine had left him, given away all their furniture and household goods, and taken the children back to her parents’s home. Josephine ’s brother wrote Sanders a letter saying, â€Å"She had no business marrying a no-good fellow like you who can’t hold a job. He had a son, Harland, Jr. , who died at an early age, and two daughters, Margaret Sanders and Mildred Sanders Ruggles. [8][9] ————————————————- Career Sanders remains the official face of Kentucky Fried Chicken, and appears on its logo The  restaurant  in  Corbin, Kentucky  where Colonel Sanders developed Kentucky Fried Chicken Colonel Harland Sanders, in character In 1930 Sanders opened a  service station  in  Corbin, Kentucky  where he cooked chicken dishes and other meals such as  country ham  andsteaks  for customers. 10]  Since he did not have a restaurant, he served customers in his adjacent living quarters. His local popularity grew, and Sanders moved to a motel and 142 seat restaurant, later  Harland Sanders Cafe and Museum. Over the next nine years he developed his â€Å"secret recipe† for frying chicken in a  pressure fryerthat cooked the chicken much faster than  pan frying. In 1939 food critic  Duncan Hines  visited Sanders’s restaurant incognito and was so impressed he listed the place in â€Å"Adventures in Good Eating,† his famous guide to restaurants throughou t the US.As his success grew, Sanders played a more active role in civic life, joining the  Rotary Club, the chamber of commerce, and the  Freemasons. [11]  In 1947 he and Josephine divorced, and in 1949 he married his secretary Claudia, as he had long desired. [12]  He was â€Å"re-commissioned† as a Kentucky colonel in 1949 by his friend, Governor  Lawrence Wetherby. [13] Around 1950, Sanders began developing his distinctive appearance, growing his trademark mustache and goatee and donning a white suit and string tie. 13]  He never wore anything else in public during the last 20 years of his life, using a heavy wool suit in the winter and a light cotton suit in the summer. [7]  He bleached his moustache and goatee to match his white hair. [12] At age 65, Sanders' store having failed[7]  due to the new  Interstate 75  reducing his restaurant's customer traffic, he took $105 from his first  Social Security  check and began visiting potential franchisee s. [14] The franchise approach was successful, and less than ten years later (in 1964) Sanders old the Kentucky Fried Chicken corporation for $2 million to a partnership of Kentucky businessmen headed by  John Y. Brown, Jr. The deal did not include the Canadian operations. In 1965 Sanders moved to  Mississauga,  Ontario  to oversee his Canadian franchises and continued to collect franchise and appearance fees there and appearance fees in the U. S. (He was locally active. For example, his 80th birthday was held at the  Inn on the Park  in  North York, Ontario, hosted by  Jerry Lewis  as a  Canadian Muscular Dystrophy Association  fundraiser. [15]  In September 1970 he and his wife were  baptized  in the  Jordan River. [16]  He befriended  Billy Graham  and  Jerry Falwell. [16] In 1973, he sued  Heublein Inc. — then parent company of Kentucky Fried Chicken  Ã¢â‚¬â€ over alleged misuse of his image in promoting products he had not helpe d develop. In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he publicly described their gravy as â€Å"wallpaper paste† to which â€Å"sludge† was added. [17] ————————————————- Death and legacy Gravesite of Harland Sanders.Sanders later used his stockholdings to create the Colonel Harland Sanders Trust and Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization, which used the proceeds to aid charities and fund scholarships. His trusts continue to donate money to groups like the  Trillium Health Care Centre; a wing of their building specializes in women's and children's care and has been named after him. [18]  The  Sidney, British Columbia  based foundation granted over $1,000,000 in 2007, according to its 2007 tax return. [19] Sanders died at the Jewish Hospital[20]  in  Louisville, Kentucky, of pneumonia on December 16, 1980. 21][22]  He had been diagnosed with acute leukemia the previous June. [8]  His body lay in state in the rotunda of the  Kentucky State Capitol; after a funeral service at theSouthern Baptist Seminary  Chapel attended by more than 1,000 people. He was buried in his characteristic white suit and black western string tie in  Cave Hill Cemetery  in Louisville. Since his death, Sanders has been portrayed by voice actors in Kentucky Fried Chicken commercials in radio and an animated version of him has been used for television commercials.The Japanese  Nippon Professional Baseball  league has developed an  urban legend  of the â€Å"Curse of the Colonel†. A statue of Colonel Sanders was thrown into the river and lost during a 1985 fan celebration, and (according to the legend) the â€Å"curse† has caused Japan'sHanshin Tigers  to perform poorly since the incident. [23] A manuscript of a book on cooking, which Sanders apparently wrote in the mid-1960s, has been fo und in KFC archives. It includes some cooking recipes from Sanders as well as stories. KFC plans to try some of the recipes, and to offer the book online. 24] ————————————————- Footnotes 1. ^  Sanders was given the honorary title â€Å"Kentucky Colonel† in 1935 by  Governor  Ruby Laffoon. 1. ^  Seven World Figures Who Drop Out Of The school, Sevenrare. com. 2. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Harlan Sander's Family Tree†. www. genealogy. com. Retrieved 2009-03-09. 3. ^  a  b  c  d  e  f  The Human Tradition in the New South By James C. Klotter 130 4. ^http://www. kentuckyfriedchicken. com/about/pdf/50th_anniversary. pdf 5. ^  http://www. colonelsanders. com/ 6. ^  a  b  c  d  The Human Tradition in the New South By James C.Klotter 131 7. ^  a  b  c  Ozersky, Josh (2010-09-15). â€Å"KFC's Colonel Sanders: He Was Real, Not Just an Iconâ₠¬ . Time. Retrieved 2010-09-18. 8. ^  a  b  Edith Evans Asbury (1980-12-17). â€Å"Col. Harland Sanders, Founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dies: [Obituary]†. The New York Times: p. A33. 9. ^  Josh Kegley,  Daughter of Colonel Sanders dies at age 91,Lexington Herald-Leader, September 25, 2010. 10. ^  KFC. co. uk | About Us | KFC History 11. ^  The Human Tradition in the New South By James C. Klotter 138. 12. ^  a  b  The Human Tradition in the New South By James C. Klotter 142 13.   a  b  Ã¢â‚¬Å"KFC – Colonel Sanders Cafe & Museum – America's First Kentucky Fried Chicken†. Corbinkentucky. us. 1964-02-18. Retrieved 2010-07-30. 14. ^  I've Got A Secret  interview, originally broadcast April 6, 1964 (rebroadcast by GSN March 30, 2008). 15. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dinner for Col. Sanders†. Toronto Star  (Toronto ON): p. 23. 10 July 1970. 16. ^  a  b  The Human Tradition in the New South By James C. Klotter 153 17. ^  Kleber, John E. ; Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter (June 1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 796. ISBN  0-8131-1772-0. 18. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"About Us: Tillium Health Center†.Trilliumhealthcentre. org. Retrieved 2010-07-30. 19. ^  Harland Sanders Foundation on the CRA web site 20. ^  Col. Sanders, fried chicken king, dead Chicago Tribune (1963-Current file) [Chicago, Ill] 17 Dec 1980: 5. 21. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Milestones†. Time. 1980-12-29. Retrieved 2008-05-19. 22. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Col. Sanders, 90, Dies of Pneumonia†. The Washington Post. 1980-12-17. 23. ^  White, Paul (2003-08-21). â€Å"The Colonel's curse runs deep†. USA Today. Retrieved 2009-05-28. 24. ^  Schreiner, Bruce (2011-11-10). â€Å"Colonel Sanders harbored more than one secret†. News & Record. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-11-12.